Auschwitz: History, characteristics, objective, implementation, consequences.

Name: Danna Rocha

Date: 20 - 01 - 2020.

Auschwitz 

Rudolf Franz Ferdinand Höß, also spelled Hoeß, Höss or Hoess, was a German military, SS officer who was the leader of Auschwitz.

The work and extermination camps were created in order to imprison and exterminate Jews, communists, anarchists, socialists, political dissidents, prisoners of war, homosexuals, gypsies, Slavs, Jehovah's Witnesses, common criminals, Spanish republicans, emigrants, people with disabilities etc.

Since Dachau became the prototype of the Nazi concentration camps and training center for the members of the SS who would control the rest of the death camps. Since its first commander, Theodor Eicke, created the organizational structure and designed the sadistic operating rules and that it was about exiles who, after leaving Spain in 1939, had been enlisted in the French Army and who at the time of the invasion from France by the Wehrmacht were captured by the Germans.

Between 1940 and 1945, some 7,200 Spaniards passed through Mauthausen and its subcamps, of whom 5,000 died in Auschwitz.

On the other hand, Auschwitz was not a labor camp like the others, but it was built with the function of exterminating the prisoners who entered it. For this it was equipped with five gas chambers and crematorium ovens, each of them with capacity for 2,500 prisoners.

This was known as the largest historically established camp, by the Germans. It was a camp complex that had a concentration camp, an extermination camp, and a forced labor camp.

 The entrance to Auschwitz It had a sign with the words Arbeit macht frei, “work sets humanity free”.

Since Auschwitz - Birkenau is the largest and deadliest Nazi concentration camp of all so it is located in the Polish city of Oswiecim, 50 kilometers from Krakow and three kilometers from Birkenau. It was abandoned by the Germans fleeing the advance of the Red Army.

So the camps were opened in the course of almost two years, between 1940 and 1942 Auschwitz closed in January 1945, when it was liberated by the Soviet army. More than 1.1 million people died at Auschwitz, including nearly a million Jews.

There were several victims in Auschwitz since it is estimated that 1.3 million people were in Auschwitz, of which 1.1 million died, 90% of them, around a million were Jews. According to figures from Franciszek Piper, the majority group of Jews transferred to the camp corresponds to the 1944 deportations from Hungary. so Jews not selected for work were sent to the gas chambers, almost always upon arrival. In 1942, 140,146 of them were sent to the chambers of Auschwitz I, until in February 1943 Birkenau took over. Among the largest contingents, 327,000 of the 438,000 Hungarian Jews and 200,000 of the 300,000 Poles were gassed, and much of the rest died by execution or from starvation and disease, since the gypsies suffered the same fate. Political prisoners and Soviet soldiers fell victim the gas in the initial experiments, then often perished, assassinated or as a result of working conditions.

Efects:

- One efect is that the Nazis held the Jewish people responsible for their hardships and convinced themselves that they were part of a global conspiracy against them, in an unlikely alliance with communism and the German socialists of the Weimar Republic.

- The most obvious consequence of Auschwitz was the 6,000,000 Jews murdered in the nearly 25,000 concentration camps built at that time, along with thousands and millions of murdered people of other ethnic groups and nationalities.

Implementation:

Auschwitz was a complex in which things were carried out in a different way since it was made up of three large camps: Auschwitz I, Auschwitz II, and Auschwitz III since the deaths were implemented in a different way since one of the majority Jews were murdered since more than a million people lost their lives in Auschwitz so nine out of ten where Jews since the four largest gas chambers could contain 2,000 people at the same time.

Because the second way to die was working, since on the entrance to the field there was a sign that said: ARBEIT MACHT FREI, which, as he had said before, means "work makes you free." in fact, the opposite was the case. Work became another form of genocide that the Nazis called "extermination through work" since the victims were spared immediate death by being selected for work as they were systematically stripped of their individual identity by having their hair shaved. head and had an identification number tattooed on their left forearm.

Norms APA:

Zozaya, L. (2020 – 2021). dw.com. La desgarradora historia de Auschwitz: datos sobre Auschwitz que deberías conocer: https://www.dw.com/es/la-desgarradora-historia-de-auschwitz/a-52167105